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Literatur: Gymnospermae

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Adams (1990): Adams R. P (1990). A new variety of Juniperus sabina form Monglia. Phytologia: 88 (2)
Adams (1993): Robert P. Adams (1993). Juniperus. In: Flora of North America. Volume 2. http://beta.floranorthamerica.org/wiki/Juniperus/  
Adams( 1996): Adams, R. P. & A. F. Barrero & A. Lara. (1996). Comparisons of the leaf essential oils of Juniperus phoenicea L., J. phoenicea  subspeuediterranea Lebr. & Thiv. and J. phoenicea var. turbinata (Guss.) Parl.
J. Essent. Oil Res. 8:367-371.
Adams (2003)a: Adams R. P & R.N.Pandey (2003). Analysis of Juniperus communis and its varieties based on DNA fingerprinting. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31: 1271-1278.
Adams (2003)b: Adams R. P &  R.N.Pandey &  J.W.Leverenz & N.Dignard & K. Hoegh & T.Thorfinnsson  (2003).
Pan-Arctic variation in Juniperus communis: historical biogeography based on DNA fingerprinting.
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31: 181-192.
Adams (2005) Adams R. P (2005). The Leaf Essential Oils of Juniperus communis L. Varieties in North America and the NMR and MS Data for Isoabienol. Journal of Essential Oil Research 22: 23-28.
Adams (2005)b: Adams R. P & J.A.Morris &  R.N.Pandey &  A.E.Schwarzbach (2005). Cryptic speciation between Juniperus deltoides and Juniperus oxycedrus (Cupressaceae) in the Mediterranean. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 33: 771-787.
Adams (2007): Adams R.P. & A.E.Schwarzbach & S. Nguyen & J.A. Morris & J-Q. Liu (2007). Geographic variation in Juniperus sabina L., J. sabina var. arenaria (E.H.Wilson) Farjon, J. sabina var. davurica (Pall.) Farjon and J. sabina var. mongolensis R.P.Adams. Phytologia  89 (2).
Adams (2008): Adams, R.P. (2008). Juniperus of Canada and the United States: Taxonomy, key and distribution.
Phytologia (December 2008) 90 (3).
Adams (2009): Adams R. P. & J.A. Bartel & R.A.Price (2009). A new genus Hesperocyparis, for the cyparesses of the western hemisphere (Cupressaceae) .
Phytologia 91 (1): 160-185.
Adams (2010): Adams R. P (2010). Taxonomy of Juniperus communis in North America: Insight from variation in nrDNA SNPs.
Phytologia 90: 181-197.
Adams (2013): Adams, R. P., A. Boratynski, M. Arista, A. E. Schwarzbach, H. Leschner, Z. Liber, P. Minissale, T. Mataraci and A. Manolis (2013). Analysis of Juniperus phoenicea from throughout its range in the Mediterranean using DNA sequence data from nrDNA and petN-psbM: The case for the recognition of J. turbinata Guss. Phytologia 95(2): 202-209.
Adams (2014); Adams R. P (2014). Morphological comparison and key to Juniperus deltoides and J. oxycedrus.  Phytologia: 96, 58-62
Adams (2018): Adams, Robert & Boratysnki, Adam & Marcysiak, Katarzyna & Roma-Marzio, Francesco & Peruzzi, Lorenzo & Bartolucci, Fabrizio & Conti, Fabio & Mataraci, Tugrul & Schwarzbach, Andrea & Tashev, Alexander & Siljak-Yakovlev, Sonja. (2018).  Discovery of Juniperus sabina var. balkanensis R.P.Adams and A.N.Tashev in Macedonia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia and Central and Southern Italy and relictual polymorphisms found in nrDNA. Phytologia. 100. 117-127.
Adams (2019): Adams, R.P & S.T. Johnson & John Anderson & Keith Rushforth & P. Farhat & N. Valentin & S. Siljak-Yakovlev (2019). The origin of Juniperus xpfitzeriana, an allo-tetraploid hybrid of J. chinensis x J. sabina.
Phytologia 101(2): S.164-174.
American Conifer Society. Publiziert im Internet unter:
https://conifersociety.org/
Ata (2004): Ata, C. (2004). Abies nordmanniana. In: P.Schütt & H.Weisgerber & H.J.Schuck & U.Lang & B.Stimm & A.Roloff. Lexikon der Nadelbäume. Verbreitung – Beschreibung – Ökologie – Nutzung; die große Enzyklopädie. Nikol, Hamburg.
Bannister (2001): Bannister, P. & G. Neuner (2001). Frost resistance and the distribution of conifers.in: F.J. Bigras & S.J. Colombo (Hrsg.), Conifer cold hardiness. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. S. 3-122
Boratynska (2015): Boratyńska K. & Anna K. Jasińska & A. Boratyński (2015). Taxonomic and geographic differentiation of Pinus mugo complex on the needle characteristics. Systematics and Biodiversity (2015) 1-15.
Businsky (2006): Businsky R. & J.  Kirschner (2006). Nomenclatural Notes on the Pinus mugo Complex in Central Europe. Phyton, Annales Rei Botanicae, Horn 46_1:  S.129 - 139.
Businsky (2010): Businský, R. & J. Kirschner (2010). Pinus mugo and P. uncinata as Parents of Hybrids. A Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Survey. Phyton. Annales Rei Botanicae. 50(1): S.27-57.
Burns (1990): Burns, R.M. &  B.H. Honkala (1990). Silvics of North America. Vol. 1, Conifers. Washington DC: U.S.D.A. Forest Service Agriculture Handbook .
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Caramiello (1995): Caramiello, R. & M.E. Maffei (1995).  Chemotaxonony of Juniperus communis, J. sibirica and J. intermedia. Journal of Essential Oil Research 7 (2): 133-145.
Christensen (1987): Christensen, K.I. (1987). Taxonomic revision of the Pinus mugo complex and P. × rhaetica (P. mugo × sylvestris) (Pinaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 7: 383-408.
Dallimore (1967): Dallimore, W.A. & A. Bruce-Jackson & S.G. Harrison  (1967). A handbook of coniferae and Ginkgoaceae. 4. ed. St. Martin's Press, New York.
Debreczy (2009): Debreczy, Z. & K. Musial & R.A. Price & I. Ràcz (2009). Releationships and nomenclatural status of the Nootka Cyress (Callitropsis nootkatensis, Cupressaceae). Phytologia (91) 1, S.140-159.
do Amaral (2015): do Amaral J.F. (2015). Ephedra. In: Flora Iberica. Vol. iX. S.191-195.
do Amaral (2015): do Amaral J.F. (2015). Juniperus. In: Flora Iberica. Vol. iX. S.191-195.
do Amaral (2015)d: do Amaral Franco (2015). Pinus. In: Flora Iberica. Vol. iX, S.168-174.
do Amaral (2015)e: do Amaral Franco (2015). Taxus. In: Flora Iberica. Vol. iX, S.189-190.
Earle: Earle, C.J.The Gymnosperm-Database.
https://www.conifers.org/index.php
Farjon (1999): Farjon, A (1999). A handbook of the world's conifers.
Revised an Updated Edition.
Fu (1999): Fu Liguo & Yong-fu Yu & R.P. Admas & A. Farjon (1999). Cupressaceae.  In: Flora of China. Vol.4, 62-77.
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10237 (14.6.2019)
Fu (1999): Fu Liguo & Yongfu Yu & Harald Riedl (2011). Ephedraceae. In: Flora of China. Vol. 4., 97–101.
 http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10237
Fu (1999): Fu Liguo & Nan Li& R.P. Admas &  R.R.Mill. Ginkgoaceae.  In: Flora of China. Vol.4, 8.
http://http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF04/ginkgo.pdf (14.6.2019)
Fu (1999): Fu Liguo &  Nan Li & Thomas S. Elias & Robert R. Mill (1999). Pinaceae. In: Flora of China. Vol.4: 11-52. 
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10691 (22.8.2019)
Hunt (1993): Hunt, R.S. (1993). Abies. In: Flora of North America. Im Internet  publiziert unter:
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Kakiuchi (2011): Kakiuchi, N. & M. Mikage  & S.Ickert-Bond, Stefanie & M.Maier-Stolte & H.Freitag (2011). A molecular phylogenetic study of the Ephedra distachya / E. sinica complex in Eurasia. Willdenowia. 41. 203-215.
Keil (1972): Keil, G. (1972). Randnotizen zum 'Stockholmer Arzneibuch'. Studia neophilologica XLIV, 2, 238–262
Kral (1993): Kral, R. (1993). Pinaceae. In: Flora of North America.. Vol.2.
Im Internet  publiziert unter: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=12551
Krutovskii (1995): Krutovskii, K.V. &  F. Bergmann (1995). Introgressive hybridization and phylogenetic relationships between Norway, Picea abies (L.) Karst., and Siberian, P. obovata Ledeb., spruce species studied by isozyme loci.Heredity 74: 464-480. http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v74/n5/pdf/hdy199567a.pdf
Kushner (1998): Kusner, J.E. (1998).  Metasequoia glytostrobides: Fifty years of growth in North America. Arnoldia 58(4):76-79.
 arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/517.pdf
Marcysiak (2007): Marcysiak, K. & A. Boratyński (2007). Contribution to the Taxonomy of Pinus Uncinata (Pinaceae) Based on Cone Characters. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 264, no. 1/2, 57–73.
Michener (1993): Michener, D.C. (1993). Chamaecyparis. In: Flora of North America. Vol. 2.
Im Internet publiziert unter: http://floranorthamerica.org/Chamaecyparis,
Nicolussi (2009): Nicolussi, K. & M. Kaufmann & T. M. Melvin, & J. van der Plicht & P. Schieling & A. Thurner (2009). A 9111 year long conifer tree-ring chronology for the European Alps: a base for environmental and climatic investigations. The Holocene 19(6):909-920.
Passalacqua (2009): Passalacqua, NG.  (2009). Notula alla checklist della flora vasculare italiana. Informatorio botanico italiano 41: 129-142.
PAV: Elvan, R. ( Hrsg.). Annotated Checklist of the Panarctic Flora (PAF). Vascular Plants.
http://nhm2.uio.no/paf/
Qiao (2007): Qiao, C.-Y., J.-H. Ran, Y. Li, and X.-Q. Wang. (2007).Phylogeny and biogeography of Cedrus (Pinaceae) inferred from sequences of seven paternal chloroplast and maternal mitochondrial DNA regions. Annals of Botany 100: 573–580.
Rehder (1949): Rehder, A. (1949). Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs hardy in the cooler temperate regtions of the northern hemisphare. The Arnolr Arboretum Of Harvard University. Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.
Rikli (1936): Rikli, M. (1936). Über den Zwergwacholder. Bericht der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft, 46, 338-354.
Sargent (1898): Sargent, C.S. (1898). The silva of north america: A descirption of the trees which grow naturally in North America exclusive of Mexico.Mifflin, Boston & Houghton.
 https://www.conifers.org/refs/lanner83.htm, 11.7.2019
Scaltsoyiannes (2008): Scaltsoyiannes, A. & M. Tsaktsira & G. Pasagianni & P. Tsoulpha & P. Zhelev & I. Iliev & R. Rohr (2008). Allozyme variation of the european black (Pinus nigra Arnold) and scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations and the implications on theirevolution: A comparative study. Oltenia 24: 22-32.
Schütt (2004): Schütt, P. (2004): Picea omorika. In: Schütt, Weisgerber, Schuck, Lang, Stimm, Roloff: Lexikon der Nadelbäume. Nikol, Hamburg, 297–305
Stephan (1981): Stephan, B.R. (1981). Douglasienschütte. Merkblätter der Forstlichen Verushs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württembrg 1981, Nr. 2.
Thieret (1993): Thieret, J.W. (1993). Pinaceae. In: Flora of North America.
Publiziert im Interent unter:  http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10691  
Watson (1993): Watson, F.D. & J.E. Eckenwald (1993). Cupressaceae. In: Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10237
Wilhalm (2007): Wilhalm, T. (2007). Aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme des Meerträubels (Ephedra helvetica, Ephedraceae, Gnetales) im Südtirol. Gredleriana, Bozen. Vol. 7, 69-90
Zanoni (1978): Zanoni, T. A.  (1978). The American junipers of the section Sabina (Juniperus, Cupressaceae)---A century later. Phytologia 38: 433-454.
Zhu (2018): Zhu, A., Fan, W., Adams, R.P. et al. (2018). Phylogenomic evidence for ancient recombination between plastid genomes of the Cupressus-Juniperus-Xanthocyparis complex (Cupressaceae). BMC Evol Biol 18, 137.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1258-2
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Zoller (1981): Zoller, H (1981). Gymospermae. Nacktsamige Pflanzen.  In: Hegi. Teil 2. Dritte, völlig überarbeitete Auflage. Paul Parey, Berlin & Hamburg. 11-148.
Zukrigl (1999): Zukrigl, K. (1999). Die Schwarzföhrenwälder am Alpenostrand in Niederösterreich. Wissenschaftliche Mitteilung des Niederösterreichischen Landesmuseum. 12: S.11–20